Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Journal - Essay Example In these studies, chemical compounds in tobacco smoke seem to hasten follicular depletion (Soares 40). Moreover, qualitative impacts on follicular maturation, steroidogenesis, embryo development and fertilization have been documented. Exposure to cigarette substances in animals negatively impacts both pre- and post-impantation competence in embryonic development. For instance, tobacco inhalation in female mouse was demonstrated to be harmful to early development of the embryo and results into reduced fetal total weight. Direct nicotine injection in rats impedes cleavage of the embryo and considerably decreases the number of cells. It has been acknowledged women who smoke tobacco has a high probability of tubal barrenness and a noticeably a high danger of ectopic pregnancy. In a study, the ectopic pregnancy’s OR among smoking women was around 15.69. Tobacco smoking has been illustrated to negatively impact both the cellular and humoral immune systems. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that such changes may make tobacco smokers more liable to tubal contagions and ensuing infertility. Regarding the effect of tobacco smoking on male, Soares (42) contend that research demonstrate that normal conception in couples having a tobacco smoking spouse has a considerable decrease in fertility, with an elevated time-to-pregnancy, in situations where cigarette intake is greater than 15 per day. Tobacco smoking does not only alter variations in standard sperm limits, but also can impact the quality of the sperms. Also, biochemical alterations that can decrease the quality of sperms have been published in seminal liquid smokers, and tobacco genotoxicity is indubitable. In various groups analyzing DNA sperm fragmentation in tobacco smoking and nonsmoking males, it was established that an increased fragmentation rate in tobacco smokers was greatest in pre- and post swim-up