Relationship Between Attitude And Job Satisfaction - Free Sample

Question: Clarify the connection among Attitude and Job Satisfaction and hierarchical conduct, and the subsequent part ought to clarify how Attitude and Job Satisfaction would influence the representatives inspiration at work alluding to one explicit inspiration hypothesis. Answer: Presentation The mentalities of the representatives as the activity fulfillment are two of the curial focuses which give the colossal effect on the hierarchical conduct. This writing audit will help in clarifying the ideal connection between the mentalities and occupation fulfillment with that of the hierarchical conduct (Adam, 2010). The fulfilled specialists give their earnest attempts as to draw out the favored change required for the expansion of the business methodology of the concerned firm. Energy inside the workers makes the ideal new ways for upgrading the general execution of the concerned representatives of the separate firm. There are sure speculations, for example, Maslows needs of pecking order hypothesis, Herzbergs hypothesis of two-factor, McClellands hypothesis of necessities, Porter just as Lawlers Theory of Expectancy, McGregors Theory of Participation, and Vrooms Expectancy Theory, which mirror the significance of the representatives inspirations for keeping up the viability a nd the effectiveness of the concerned workforce. It is the definitive obligation of the directors just as the pioneers of the concerned relationship to persuade the workers so as to build the adequacy and the proficiency of the concerned association (Cakmur, 2011). There are three of the vital segments of perspectives which help in perceiving the ideal conduct of the representatives in regards to their specific work and this can improve the general gainfulness of the association. Writing survey Relationship of Attitudes and employment fulfillment to authoritative conduct Perspectives of the workers assume the vital job in amplifying the accomplishment just as the proficiency of the troubled affiliation. Moreover, the fulfillment of the activity is considered to one of the most noteworthy components which help in holding the experience just as the old workers inside the concerned firm (Cassells, Gong, and Keegan, 2010). The chiefs alongside the representatives of the firm need to comprehend the ideal criticalness of perspectives and occupation fulfillment as this improves the general exhibitions of the association concerned. The perspectives are the ideal evaluative articulations or the choice with respect to the specific items, occasions or the individuals. According to a significant number of the notable past analysts, there are three of the pivotal segments of mentalities for the concerned individuals. These are subjective segments, full of feeling segment, and the conduct part. According to (Culliney, 2014) the mentalities of the representatives m ake an indispensable power on the usage of the business procedures of the uneasy firms. The uplifting mentalities of the concerned staff individuals or the worker of a concerned association assess the general productivity of the association. The past specialists have demonstrated it to be critical to comprehend the ideal relationship of the mentalities of the concerned workforce and the activity fulfillment with that of the authoritative conduct. There are various kinds of the perspectives, for example, the activity fulfillment, Job contribution, authoritative duty, commitment of the workers and the apparent help for the association. There are sure speculations of hierarchical conduct which are viewed as of enormous centrality for the development just as the extension of the business procedure of the concerned association. These are speculations of inclination, hypotheses of conduct, persuasive hypotheses, hypotheses of recognition and the hypotheses of mentalities and conduct. Then again, it is significant for the supervisory group of any of the firm to quantify the fulfillment of the workers with respect to the specific employment they had. As per (Du, 2013) in some cases it has been seen that the disappointment of the workers from the concerned activity makes the negative effect on the development just as the advancement of the representatives. There are two of the significant ways for the estimation of the fulfillment of the activity for the representatives these are the worldwide rating and the summation score. So as to improve the viability of the authoritative conduct, the most noteworthy are to assess the ideal mentalities of the representatives. The negative demeanor of the emloployees towards the chief or the director influences the adequacy of the work environment and diminishes the effectiveness of the concerned affiliation. The commitment of the workforce are extremely basic for the assessment of the organization strategies for the concerned firms. Also, there are two of the assorted parts of the administrative conduct, for example, the fulfillment of the workers and the disappointment of the representatives with respect to the activity they forces. The past scientists have altogether raised the way that there are various ways for upgrading the fulfillment of the workers which helps in holding the old representatives inside the firm (Fernandez and Pitts, 2011). There are various ways received by the representatives by which they express their disappointment. A portion of the ways are leaving, disregarding, voice and by indicating steadfastness. The productivity of the concerned firm can be assessed with the assistance of improving the general exhibitions of the individual representatives. The mentalities of the representatives help in giving the ideal exertion in the assessment of the concerned work procedure of the particular firm. The past analysts have expressed that there exists a solid connection between the perspectives of the representatives and the activity fulfillment with that of the hierarchical conduct. Energy inside the representatives makes the ideal new ways for improving the general execution of the concerned workers of the separate firm. In the event that the workers get no fulfillment from the activity they do they the representative turnover may build causing an incredible misfortune for the concerned association. The mentalities, just as the activity fulfillment of the individuals, evaluate the favored development of the firm for an enormous scope. The supervisory crew alongside the accomplished directors of the association should detail compelling systems so as to hold the work ers inside the association (Heaslip, 2014). There is a pivotal connection between the presentation of the representatives and the authoritative conduct. The general execution of the workers makes an awful just as a decent effect on the execution of the business system of the affiliation. The fulfilled representatives give their earnest attempts so as to draw out the ideal change required for the extension of the business method of the uncertain firm. The chiefs of the association need to mastermind viable preparing for the workers which will improve the general adequacy and the concerned productivity of the specific firm. The activity fulfillment helps in expanding the exhibitions of the concerned workers and the representatives are then ready to help the concerned clients with the better nature of the administrations and goals. The perspectives of the various representatives of an association assess their concerned observation with respect to the execution of the business forms for the concerned firm (Korzynski, 2013). The accomplished scientists assess the way that the representatives should have the uplifting mentalities as this will upgrade the viability of the association and will expand the ideal number of the clients towards the association. Effect on Employees inspiration at work There are various sorts of the inspirational hypotheses which help in giving the ideal thoughts with respect to the significance of the workers inspiration. The trough, just as the pioneers of the concerned association, assumes the extensive job in assessing the ideal execution pg the workers. The exhibitions of the representatives are viewed as basic for assessing the ideal development of the concerned association. Compelling preparing from the troughs helps n inspiring the representatives inside their concerned work environments and it upgrades the viability and the ideal effectiveness of the association. The mentalities and the total fulfillment of the representatives assume the significant job in assessing the gainfulness of the concerned association (Lassiter, 2010). A specialist stuffed by individuals quick to learn just as create is a sure sign an organization enlist well. The workforce who is occupied in their individual occupations alongside professions needs to separate mor e on their business in addition to industry additionally to get familiar with the expertise which will build up their general execution. A business who needs to connect the full appraisal of their staff notwithstanding foster reliability, just as safeguarding, will find direction is an enrapturing vision for all concerned. There are sure persuasive speculations which give an ideal feeling of inspiration to the representatives and improve the general execution of the total firm. Association, just as their administrators, are sensibly uncertain concerning inspiration. Propelled workforces are satisfied, profitable just as faithful and this required by the organizations. Albeit empowering laborers can be requesting, a measure of hypothesis concerning inspiration at the particular employment might be utilized as the base to make rehearses, activities just as procedures to affect specialist inspiration. There are sure hypotheses which mirror the significance of the representatives inspir ations for keeping up the adequacy and the proficiency of the concerned workforce (Mikkelsen, Jacobsen, and Andersen, 2015). These speculations are Maslows needs of chain of command hypothesis, Herzbergs hypothesis of two-factor, McClellands hypothesis of requirements, Porter just as Lawlers Theory of Expectancy, McGregors Theory of Participation, alongside Vrooms Expectancy Theory. Maslow clarified that the ne

American Eagle Airlines Flight 3379 Accident Research Paper

American Eagle Airlines Flight 3379 Accident - Research Paper Example  The research will finish up by giving suggestions of what should be done to forestall such mishaps later on. Air mishaps have kept on happening notwithstanding the measures by the National Transport and Safety Board (NTSB), and the avionics business. As of late, the avionics business has seen significant mishaps, remembering the vanishing of the Malaysian Airline for 2014, and the ongoing German aircraft in the French Alps. The primary driver of carrier mishaps have been refered to be unpracticed pilots, physiological and mental factors, and climate conditions (Grossman, 2013). Most bustling carriers exhaust pilots and lodge group, a circumstance that has been accused for settling on pilots settle on wrong choices. Weakness is a central point that meddles with the degree of profitability and employment fulfillment of lodge group. A few pilots experience mental clutters, for example, misery, consequently influencing their judgment and inclined to settling on an inappropriate choices. The leader aircraft flight 3379 smashed in 1994. The flight source was Piedmont Triad International Airport and the last goal was Raleigh-Durham Airport. There were 18 traveler and 2 crewmembers (Aircraft Accident Report, 1995). The experience any mechanical issue until when the pilot got the freedom to land. The start light of one of the motors enlightened in the cockpit, calling for sure fire intercession. Apparently the pilot froze on understanding the speed of the plane started to diminish radically. Without pausing for a minute to decide the reason for the occurrence, the pilot chose to execute a missed methodology.

Akai MPC2000 (MIDI PRODUCTION CENTER) Essay -- essays research papers

AKAI MPC2000 MIDI PRODUCTION CENTER  â â â â coming up next is an outline of the propelled highlights of the AKAI MPC2000, which incorporate an implicit sampler, sequencer and the sky is the limit from there. Here is an itemized general depiction of the AKAI MPC2000. Huge 248 x 60 speck LCD show with illustrations. 6 capacities keys under the LCD show give different capacities on each page. Worked in 1.44 megabyte floppy circle drive to store the two arrangements and sound information. Worked in SCSI interface for putting away information to outer hard circle. Here is a definite depiction of the AKAI MPC2000’s worked in sampler. 16-piece, 44.1kHz sound system examining High limit sound memory: 2 megabytes standard (22 seconds mono or 11 seconds sound system), expandable to 32 megabytes with SIMM memory. Advanced testing contribution for direct chronicle from computerized sources with IB-M208P board. 128 sounds (tests) might be held in memory at once. 32 synchronous playback voices. The envelope or channel can be set for each solid. Discretionary multi-impacts generator EB16 for adaptable impacts. Test records might be stacked from AKAI S1000 and S3000 plates. IB-M208P (discretionary) empowers you to blend and yield inward sampler sounds from 8 singular yields. A limit of 24 projects (sound assignments and sound parameter settings) can be made. A choice between poloyphonic (various sounds are overlaid when a similar sound is played ceaselessly) or mono (the subsequent sound hushes the first). It is conceivable to stop the playing of a so...

Nurture Your Child’s Self-Esteem Essay

Children begin building up their feeling of self as infants when they see themselves through their parents’ eyes. Your manner of speaking, your non-verbal communication, and all your looks are consumed by your children. Your words and activities as a parent influence their creating confidence more than all else. Applauding achievements, anyway little, will cause them to feel pleased; letting kids do things autonomously will cause them to feel proficient and solid. On the other hand, putting down remarks or contrasting a kid ominously and another will cause children to feel useless. Abstain from offering stacked expressions or utilizing words as weapons. Remarks like â€Å"What an idiotic thing to do!† or â€Å"You act more like a child than your little brother!† cause harm similarly as physical blows do. Pick your words cautiously and be humane. Tell your children that everybody commits errors and that you despite everything love them, in any event, when you don’t love their conduct. Find Kids Being Good Have you at any point halted to consider how frequently you respond adversely to your children in a given day? You may wind up censuring definitely more frequently than praising. How might you feel about a manager who treated you with that much negative direction, regardless of whether it was good natured? The more powerful methodology is to find kids accomplishing something right: â€Å"You made your bed without being asked †that’s terrific!† or â€Å"I was watching you play with your sister and you were very patient.† These announcements will accomplish more to support great conduct as time goes on than rehashed scoldings. Try discovering something to laud each day. Be liberal with remunerations †your affection, embraces, and praises can do some amazing things and are frequently reward enough. Before long you will discover you are â€Å"growing† a greater amount of the conduct you might want to see. Set Limits and Be Consistent With Your Discipline Control is essential in each family unit. The objective of order is to assist kids with picking satisfactory practices and learn restraint. They may test the cutoff points you build up for them, however they need those cutoff points to develop into mindful grown-ups. Building up house rules assists kids with understanding your desires and create discretion. A few guidelines may include: no TV untilhomework is done, and no hitting, verbally abusing, or terrible prodding permitted. You should have a framework set up: one notice, trailed by outcomes, for example, a â€Å"time out† or loss of benefits. A typical misstep guardians make is inability to finish the outcomes. You can’t discipline kids for arguing one day and disregard it the following. Being predictable instructs what you anticipate. Set aside a few minutes for Your Kids It’s regularly hard for guardians and children to get together for a family supper, not to mention fraternize. In any case, there is presumably nothing children might want more. Get up 10 minutes sooner in the first part of the day so you can have breakfast with your youngster or leave the dishes in the sink and go for a stroll after supper. Children who aren’t getting the consideration they need from their folks frequently carry on or get into mischief in light of the fact that they’re sure to be seen that way. Numerous guardians think that its remunerating to plan together time with their children. Make a â€Å"special night† every week to be as one and let your children help conclude how to invest the energy. Search for different approaches to interface †put a note or something unique in your kid’s lunchbox. Teenagers appear to require less full focus from their folks than more youthful children. Since there are less openings for guardians and adolescents to get together, guardians ought to give a valiant effort to be accessible when their high schooler does communicate a craving to talk or take an interest in family exercises. Going to shows, games, and different occasions with your high schooler imparts mindful and lets you become more acquainted with progressively about your youngster and their companions in significant manners. Don’t feel remorseful if you’re a working guardian. It is the numerous seemingly insignificant details you do †making popcorn, playing a card game, window shopping †that children will recall. Be a Good Role Model Little youngsters get familiar with a great deal about the proper behavior by watching their folks. The more youthful they are, the more signs they take from you. Before you lash out or go insane before your kid, consider this: is how you need your youngster to carry on when irate? Know that you’re continually being seen by your children. Studies have indicated that youngsters who hit as a rule have a good example for animosity at home. Model the characteristics you wish to develop in your children: regard, cordiality, trustworthiness, graciousness, resilience. Display unselfish conduct. Get things done for others without anticipating a prize. Express thanks and offer commendations. Most importantly, treat your children the manner in which you anticipate that others should treat you. Focus on Communication You can’t anticipate that children should do everything just in light of the fact that you, as a parent, â€Å"say so.† They need and merit clarifications as much as grown-ups do. On the off chance that we don’t set aside effort to clarify, children will start to ponder about our qualities and thought processes and whether they have any premise. Guardians who reason with their children permit them to comprehend and learn in a nonjudgmental manner. Make your desires understood. In the event that there is an issue, depict it, express your emotions, and welcome your youngster to deal with an answer with you. Make certain to incorporate outcomes. Settle on recommendations and offer decisions. Be available to your child’s proposals too. Arrange. Children who take part in choices are increasingly inspired to do them. Be Flexible and Willing to Adjust Your Parenting Style On the off chance that you much of the time feel â€Å"let down† by your child’s conduct, maybe you have ridiculous desires. Guardians who think in â€Å"shoulds† (for instance, â€Å"My child ought to be potty-prepared by now†) might think that its accommodating to find out about the issue or to converse with different guardians or youngster improvement experts. Kids’ situations affect their conduct, so you might have the option to adjust that conduct by changing nature. In the event that you wind up continually saying â€Å"no† to your 2-year-old, search for approaches to rebuild your environmental factors with the goal that less things are untouchable. This will cause less disappointment for both of you. As your youngster changes, you’ll steadily need to change your child rearing style. Odds are, what works with your youngster now won’t function also in a year or two. Adolescents will in general look less to their folks and more to their friends for good examples. Be that as it may, keep on giving direction, consolation, and suitable control while permitting your adolescent to win more freedom. Also, hold onto each accessible second to make an association! Show That Your Love Is Unconditional As a parent, you’re liable for revising and directing your children. In any case, how you express your restorative direction has a significant effect in how a kid gets it. At the point when you need to go up against your youngster, abstain from accusing, scrutinizing, or shortcoming discovering, which sabotage confidence and can prompt disdain. Rather, endeavor to sustain and support, in any event, while training your children. Ensure they realize that in spite of the fact that you need and anticipate better next time, your adoration is there regardless. Know Your Own Needs and Limitations as a Parent Face it †you are a defective parent. You have qualities and shortcomings as a family chief. Perceive your capacities †â€Å"I am cherishing and dedicated.† Vow to chip away at your shortcomings †â€Å"I should be increasingly predictable with discipline.† Try to have sensible desires for yourself, your life partner, and your children. You don’t must have all the appropriate responses †be excusing of yourself. What's more, attempt to make child rearing a sensible activity. Concentrate on the zones that need the most consideration as opposed to attempting to address everything at the same time. Let it be known when you’re wore out. Invest significant energy from child rearing to do things that will fulfill you as an individual (or as a team). Concentrating on your requirements doesn't make you egotistical. It essentially implies you care about your own prosperity, which is another significant incentive to demonstrate for your youngsters.

Soymilk

Soymilk Yesterday I was at the grocery store. I needed to get soymilk, because it is lent and I am fasting. I try to fast like my father does, the Ethiopian way, without any meat or dairy other than fish for 40 days. But this year I didn’t fully since I cook for myself with my dorm mates and it’s hard that way. I looked for soymilk and found almondmilk, flavored milk, sweetened milkvarieties Americans invented. So unlike my mother’s soymilk, that she would make for me and serve hot. She soaked the dried beans in water for a whole night, and then she would prepare the soymilk machine in the morning. It would click and buzz as she hummed while making breakfast, while my brother and I groggily walked to the kitchen. I liked it plain, poured hot from a pitcher into a small ceramic bowl. My brother liked to put sugar in it, and my mother drank it like soup, with layou and jiangyou inside, spicy. We would drink it at the table, listening to the Chinese radio and talking. My mother’s soymilk is thicker than the store-bought kind, served hot, the best for cold days. As I stood there reminiscing in a supermarket, I finally found the unsweetened kind, picked it up and left. Soymilk, cold and packaged and carried in my backpack, as I walked into the gray Sunday of Boston. ??,?????? ?????,????????,???????????????,?????????,??????????????????,??????? ·? ·??,??????? ?????,?????,???,??????????????????????????,?????,????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????????? ????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????,???????? ??????????,?????????,????,???????,???,??? ??????????????????

10 Tips for Staying Sane While Writing College Application Essays

HomeApplyEssays10 Tips for Staying Sane While Writing College Application EssaysThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 30, 2019 Writing College Admission Essays Writing college application essays is so different from the type of writing students are used to doing for high school classes. And while they may balk and protest, the summer before senior year is the perfect time for them to start writing essays for college applications. These essays are meant to be personal and introspective, not reports and factual, which students may be used to doing. Here are some tips to keep the sanity, while gently pushing rising seniors to get started. These are not rules, but general guidelines, ways of thinking about what lies ahead. 1. Note the Bad News and the Good News Sorry to tell you this: The essays are a slog, and if you’re applying to schools with many supplements or several schools not on the Common Application, they can add up to a lot of work. The good news is that doing the work can be a terrific way to focus your experience, your perceptions, your goals, and your sense of yourself as a soon-to-be college student. Finding your voice and your story will help you make that transition. Writing the essays can help you learn how to present yourself, talk about your interests, talents and accomplishments without sounding as though you’re bragging. 2. Get Personal I advise students applying to Common Application colleges and universities or to a majority of them to do the Common App essay first. And when you do, find a topic that makes your heart beat a little faster than usual – a topic with some energy and even tension: A piece of your personal story that’s essential to who you are and not reflected in your activities list, a talent, a hardship, a moment you took a risk and spoke out to defend a position, or a problem you solved, even if it was putting together a trampoline in your backyard. Students have not been encouraged to write from a personal perspective for much of high school, and having to do that suddenly for the Common App essay and for many of the supplements can be a real challenge. These are personal essays, not academic papers or speeches. 3. There are no right answers Students often ask me: What does the school want me to write? It is often a surprise for them to hear that the school wants to know what you think and what your experience is. The essay is a kind of interview. Reveal yourself. Make sure your essays tell what it is you want colleges to know about you: Your passions, your talents, your ambitions, the qualities that make you who you are. No right answers – but do remember to answer the questions/prompts you are asked, whether it’s the Common App prompts or the other possibilities. 4. Make a Master List Once you are done with your Common App essay, make a master list of what supplementary essays are required for each college: 1. The topic. 2. The length. 3. The due dates. See where you can recycle material. Have a sense in advance how many essays you might have to do – whether it’s 3 or 15 or even 20. Some colleges have 2, 3, 4, or even more essays. Though the essays may only be 100, 250 or 500 words, they must be written with well-considered words. Some of the essays are creative (â€Å"What makes you happy?† Whats the sweetest sound youve ever heard?), others are more straightforward (Why this college/Why your major). 5. Note the Non-Common App Universities Many outstanding universities are not members of the Common Application organization, and their essays have nothing to do with the Common App. Make sure you know which institutions are not Common App, among them MIT, Georgetown, Wake Forest, University of California, University of Texas, and many universities in Florida. 6. Write Informally and Long and Then Edit As you tackle the Common App essay, write informally and write long in order to find your material. As you begin, don’t stick to the 650-word limit. Again, you’re looking for material, energy, what matters. Once you have that down, you can edit out everything that isn’t essential. This is where you might need help from other readers. 7. Yes, Engage and Entertain College admissions officers often report that they want to be entertained and engaged by your essay. I’d say it’s more important to go for â€Å"engaged† than â€Å"entertained,† but the message is clear. The first sentence needs to be a grabber. But keep in mind that you may end up writing the first terrific sentence once you’ve done the third draft. It doesn’t need to be acrobatic or pyrotechnic, and it doesn’t need to be one for the ages (â€Å"Call me Ishmael† – opening of Moby Dick), but a little pizazz goes a long way, at the beginning and throughout. 8. Getting Down To It There are dozens of websites that give advice about the nitty gritty of writing the essays. There are also many sites that publish college essays. Consider taking a look at these sites with these caveats: There is an infinite variety in college application essays, and some are more appropriate for individuals than others, based on their records and where they are applying. You don’t need to read other essays to write your own essay. In fact, sometimes reading others essays can be less productive it may be hard to get their tone or words out or your head to hear your own voice to write from. 9. The Writing and Language, In A Nutshell Much of the advice comes down to: write in your own voice, as though you are talking more than writing an academic paper. The tone should be more informal than the stiff, academic language you would use when writing a history paper. It’s sometimes helpful to write the essay as though you’re writing a letter to someone – a friend or mentor. SS language, word choices and other writing tips: This essay is not a place to show off your SAT vocabulary or your penchant for writing poetry. Use SS language: Simple and Straightforward. But though it’s SS, it must be precise, detailed, and specific. For instance: â€Å"My parents are in the military and we moved a lot. â€Å" vs: â€Å"My parents are medics in the Army, and we’ve lived in five countries since I was born, including Poland, Germany, and Botswana.† Specific details are always more memorable, and forcing yourself to focus on details focuses your brain and your powers of perception. 10. Use Active Examples It’s often great to start an essay with an active example of what you’ll be writing about. Put us in the middle of the action and then step back and explain how you got there and how it relates to the essay prompt. â€Å"The conductor pointed his baton to the string section, and we began the fugue that ends the second movement of Brahms’ Requiem. My fingers responded to the building excitement of the rapid tempo, and I was enveloped by the sweep of sound. â€Å"I fell in love with the violin when I was six, and music has been the center of my life since then. I felt joy every Saturday morning when I began my weekly lesson with Mrs. Jones and later that day when I played in our town’s youth orchestra†¦.† OR: A very different sort of story: â€Å"The policeman grabbed me by the arm and demanded I show him my ID. I had no idea what I had done wrong, and I didn’t have my wallet with me. I was just riding my bike in San Diego. I didn’t think it was a crime to ride on the sidewalk.† â€Å"This was my first experience of discrimination in the United States, where we moved from Algeria when I was ten years old. It would be the first of many times that I would encounter†¦.† Staying calm and working towards finding your voice are the keys to creating an essay that will be compelling and help you stand out.

CARRIAGES OF GOODS BY SEA. (LAW DEGREE) Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Onus Shipping Company4, an English Court held that the Hague Visby rules were not legally actionable, but this precedent was soon overturned with the passage of the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1971, which specifically gives the Hague Visby rules the force of law in the U. K. Moreover, these rules will also apply in the case of private charter parties, or when special contracts are entered into for transportation of goods, as in the case of O and Cherie to transport the gin. 5 Therefore, all the rights and liabilities that exist under the Hague Visby rules will apply to both the United States and the UK who are both signatories to it. The ship’s master and owners are therefore likely to be held liable for the losses that have occurred and damages resulting there from and both Tony and Cherie have a good chance to win this suit by filing in a UK Court. This would be the appropriate jurisdiction for filing the case since it is the destination port and both plaintiffs, Che rie and Tony are from the U. K. Application of case law to the present scenario: One of the earlier cases involving a carriage contract was that of Heskell v. We will write a custom essay sample on CARRIAGES OF GOODS BY SEA. (LAW DEGREE) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Continental Express. 6 Grunfeld has discussed the issue of causation as related to this case7, in which a purchaser placed an order with a vendor who instructed his broker to ship the goods. But the broker negligently failed to do so, despite the fact that bills of lading were issued to the purchaser and vendor by the broker. In this case, the purchaser then proceeded to sue both the broker and the vendor. The broker and vendor were sued for issue of a false bill of lading and a breach of promise inherent in that bill of lading The Court held however that the party that would be adjudged to have broken the contract would be the one whose breach remained an effective cause of his loss, thereby examining the issue of causation in allotting responsibility for damages and failure to deliver as per contract. This principle was also invoked in the case of Vigmer International Limited and Others v Theresa Navigation SA8 where the cargo owners claimed dama ges against both the ship owners and the cargo loaders since the entire cargo was contaminated when it reached the port of call. Signs of the contamination had been noticed with partial loading but the decision was made to continue loading the goods. The ship owners claimed that the decision to continue loading the cargo was that of the claimants and on this basis tried to absolve themselves of responsibility.

Cyber-Attacks Case Report - 889 Words

Red Clay Renovation Senior Executives warrant confidence as they display that they are equivalent to the encounters or challenges they tackle. Nevertheless, as the encounters transform with new eras, the qualities we search for in our superiors may also transform. However, their core values should always endure and continue to stay unchanged. Today, as our line of work continues to progress we must maintain a loftier foresight of value and must preserve a greater role in improving our company’s scope of trust. There are three regions of interest that our company’s scope of trust and responsibility will commence with and happens to be what this report will encompass. One area of concern is how a disturbance in our computer system could†¦show more content†¦Another type of cyber-attack that will affect the business is accomplished with brute force. With a brute force attack, an advanced algorithm is devised to do anything and everything to attack the compan y’s operating system. The attack achieves this by exploring and probing for weaknesses contained by the system, generally through password-protected structures. These cyber-attacks not only influence our business agenda, but they can also trigger a disruption in how our business pursues significant goals and the precedence that have erected our foundation for a balanced organization. So, just what is a disturbance to a computer system and how would these disturbances influence our business? Generally, a disruption to a computer system is anything that temporarily interrupts or in some circumstances, destroys the normal continuation of daily activity or overall production. ICON Investments, identifies interruptions to their operating system as any, â€Å"arising events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, which may include, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages, natural or man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, or tornados† (ICON Investments, n.d.). Our business trusts our systems to execute mechanisms essential to our ability to operate devices like the â€Å"smart home† controllers without interruptions. Frequent or extended disruptions to our systems function might significantly restrictShow MoreRelatedChina Saper Threat777 Words   |  4 PagesWeak USA Cyber Policy vs China’s Security Threat to the USA? Abstract A cyber spy network based mainly in China hacked into classified documents from government and private organizations. One of the biggest questions still remains unanswered. Should the U.S. Congress conduct an in depth assessment of Chinese cyber spying and consider imposing tougher penalties on companies that benefit from industrial espionage. In this paper I will review china’s cyber threat and possible USA solutionsRead MoreCyber Espionage And Cyber Terrorism987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat 90% of companies worldwide admits on having being unprepared to protect themselves from any type of cyber-attacks. Large corporations like Target and Hope Depot has been target cyber security breach. That compromise thousands of employees and customers confidential information such as the social security number and credit cards accounts. But some small business weren’t so lucky, as cyber criminals took control of their entire network and completely destroying the whole company. Cyber crime willRead MoreCyber Espionage Attacks And Cyber Attacks1662 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Espionage Attacks This kind of attacks differ from other types of cyber-attacks as they have a different source from where the actual attack comes from, which is mainly from within the organization that is being attacked. It may be the most difficult type of attack in which organizations are able to defend themselves from, for example if the attack is emanating from an individual that holds a high rank within the company. Taking an example of the United States where the government has a processRead MoreTheu.s. Contemporary Security Environment1527 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment. For years, the American people have been victimized by cyber-attacks by having their personal information, emails, credit card, and banking information stolen by an invisible enemy named cyberterrorism. These types of attacks seem insignificant however; they are small examples of the vulnerabilities that our cyber world is experiencing. Our vulnerabilities are leaving our public officials in significant danger from cyb er-attacks, as they are vulnerable to such things as the release of personalRead MoreCyber Crime As A Key Risk For Regulated Firm1504 Words   |  7 Pages Cyber-crime as a key risk for regulated firm Delegate ID number : 3733017 November 2014 The term cyber-crime describes criminal activity involving computer and internet in committing a crime. Generally it can be divided to two manners: It can target the machine itself, where the purpose of crime would be to gain access to important data stored on the machine, which could be used to obtain gain. It can also use the machine as a tool to commit other type of crime in more traditional understandingRead MoreThe Prospect And Challenges Of Cyber Security Insurance922 Words   |  4 Pages2.0 Introduction This chapter presents the prospect and challenges of cyber security insurance among It practitioners in the United Kingdom based on the literature that had been reviewed in the process of writing this paper. This chapter will draw upon results of earlier studies and reports to provide a theoretical framework to answer the research questions of the paper. 2.1. Cyber security and its importance to the modern lives In line with technological advances and the evolution of the internetRead MoreCyber Security Breach : Thesis Statement1696 Words   |  7 PagesWu Ka Ho - g4wukaho - L1 BA1200 Topic: scenario #3 - Cyber Security Breach Thesis statement: In an incredibly interconnected world we all shared today, it is not unusual to hear daily reports about aggressive cyber attacks on private and public sectors, which often results in compromisation of personal information affecting lives of many at varying degrees; and in some cases, the stolen information endangered the safety of countless otherwise innocent individuals. On top of privacy infringementRead MoreCyber Policy Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages Russian Cyber Policy Efficiency In 2007, the government of Estonia decided to move a landmark, the Bronze Soldier, from the center of the city of Tallinn to a military cemetery. This caused outrage in the ethnic Russian community living in Estonia. It is believed that Russia distributed false news reports about the desecration of Soviet war graves and the Bronze Soldier. These false reports more than likely assisted with inciting the riot that occurred on April 26, 2007 and lasted approximatelyRead MoreHow Online Business And Communication Is An Indispensable Part Of Today s Merging Era Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesusing military, weapons and air campaigns; cyber war is more fearful to civilians as it threatens their peace without even been seen. It is quite challenging to identify the ghost in wires, it can be a person, a group of people or it can be a nation behind this intrusion. Former director of the National Security Agency, Mike McConnell, wrote â€Å"We need to develop an early-warning system to monitor cyberspace, identify intrusions and locate the source of attacks with a trail of evidence that can supportRead MoreAny Incident That Results In The Unauthorized Access Of1690 Words   |  7 Pagesinternal and external threats that can result in a security breach. The consequences of security breach can be high based on what type of sensitive data is stolen or viewed. Ukraine Power Grid Cyber Attack is a kind of security breach that took place on 23rd December 2015 and is known as first successful cyber-attack on the power grid. On December 23, 2015, a regional electricity distribution company Ukrainian Kyivoblenergo, reported a service outage to all the customers. The outage was due to a third

Why Do Students Cheat - 1065 Words

Why do students cheat? It is a rare individual who actively chooses to be dishonest. But why do a few students make compromising choices? What can lead people to act in ways that they aren t proud of? Below are some underlying beliefs and confusions which students at Carnegie Mellon give as explanations for slipping standards of integrity. A Victimless Crime? Students generally are familiar with the disciplinary actions and penalties for getting caught. However, they may fail to understand that one of the personal consequences of cheating and/or plagiarism is that they aren t actually learning or practicing the material. They may not realize that they will actually need and be accountable for certain knowledge and skills.†¦show more content†¦Even if specific instructions are given for students not to access past materials, students report that past materials are very easy to come by and often too alluring to pass up. Do We Have to Spell Everything Out? Students recognize the obvious examples of academic dishonesty such as copying during an exam or quoting extensively without a citation. They can be much less clear on how much collaboration is allowed, what kind of paraphrasing is appropriate to summarize a source or whether one assignment can be turned in for two different classes. If students are not accustomed to thinking about the ownership of ideas, they tend to underreport their sources. Instructors often state their expectations for tests and about quoting, footnoting, and paraphrasing in papers and they outline the consequences of being dishonest. However, they may not state precisely what they consider to be appropriate collaboration (if any) and what they recommend as guidelines for teamwork. Playing the Odds Students sometimes feel that receiving a zero for an exam or a paper is a justified penalty for cheating, but they may also convince themselves that they won t get caught. And they can be reinforced in this thinking if grading procedures aren t planned carefully or if instructors don t follow up on suspicious incidents.Show MoreRelatedWhy Do Students Cheat ?997 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"It is not a question of who cheats, it is a question of who cheats the most†. If everybody does it then why does it matter if you cheat every once in a while to get by. If students successfully pull it off then they easily slip by on a test or homework assignment without having to do anything, giving them more time to do leisurely activities. The reason some students cheat is deeper than that most of the time, with college requirements becoming higher, students struggle to reach those requirementsRead MoreWhy Do College Students Cheat?1832 Words   |  8 PagesMarch 2008 Why Do College Students Cheat? Cheating among students in college has worsened over the years and not much is being done to stop it. Where is the line drawn when it comes to cheating in the classroom? And why do kids do it? In today’s world people are growing lazier and always looking for ways to do less work and a lot of that has to do with improved technology. Improved technology has also made cheating easier. Students can send each other e-mail’s back andRead MoreWhy Students Cheat : Cheating1469 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Students Cheat Cheating by students no matter their grade level has been a prevalent problem among schools for several years. One discouraging fact for academic institutions is that cheating has only gotten worse not better. Cheating can be carried out in a plethora of ways, such as copying off of other students during a test, copying another students homework, using a cell phone to either text answers or look them up, using crib notes or even copy and pasting whole written works and tryingRead MoreWhy Should Students From A Respected University Cheat?1014 Words   |  5 Pagesalways wonder why. Why would students from a respected university cheat? Who should we put the blame on? A lot of people are quick to assume that it is the student s personal morals, which causes them to cheat. I realized why a lot of student’s cheat, and how certain articles that I read, proposed we fix the cheating issue. The main goal is to prevent future cheating, and you start preventing cheating by looking at w hat the source of that cheating is. In the articles, â€Å"Harvard Students in CheatingRead MoreStudent Cheating And Its Effects On Society1138 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Cheating Academic dishonesty is a common concept that occurs in multiple institutions across the United States. A student who engages in academic dishonestly simply cheats on material but cheats by primarily plagiarizing their work. The bulk of students who cheat simply cheat by using technology. As technology advances, student cheating advances. Students are fixated with technology and technology, is a vast reason why cheating has became effortless to accomplish. However, that does not triggerRead MoreCheating on College Examinations980 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially college exams. Does it really happen? Sure it does. We argue that many college students cheat during examinations because of several reasons. They can be nervous that is why they cheat, it can also be a reason of time management wherein some college students also work while taking time to attend school classes or, maybe they are just lazy enough to study ahead of examination date. There are a lot of reasons why cheating on col lege exams happens and along with it, there are numerous effects outRead MoreThe Ethical Journey Of Views Of College Students891 Words   |  4 PagesMany students leave for college and are excited to begin a new journey or chapter in their life. Many had a long road to make it through high school while some found it easy. This paper will be discussing the Ethical journey of views of college students. What make some cheat while other are honest and how is cheating or academic dishonesty viewed by the American people. What are ethics and how they do apply to the college student, and how does the college student s apply it to the world. EthicsRead MoreIs Cheating At School Getting Out Of Control?872 Words   |  4 PagesControl? The clock is ticking at 1:00am and Joe is sitting in front of his computer trying to study for his Math test. â€Å"The test will be tomorrow at 7am. I don t understand any of this. I can’t even remember the formulas. What should I do?† Joe thought. But, why is he doing this at the last minute? Was it because of the addicting game â€Å"Battle Front† that he could not get enough of? Or, was it maybe because his girlfriend wanted to hangout yesterday? No matter how much he tried to makeup excusesRead MoreShould Cheating Be Academic Dishonesty? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequences yet many students continue to cheat. I do not find it surprising that students cheat in college or university. McCabe, Trevino Butterfield (2001) offer many explanations as in why students commit academic dishonesty, such as peer influences. Although the findings of this study still can be applied today I argue a new study should consider the use of technology in regards to a cademic dishonesty. With the rise of technology, it has become much easier for students to cheat on exams and papersRead MoreThe Effects Of Academic Cheating On Students888 Words   |  4 PagesResearch conducted shows that 95 percent of high school students admit to having cheated at some point in their education and about half of all college students have admitted to plagiarizing. Academic cheating has become a norm for many students during their years in school, whether it is in middle or high school. The question now becomes why kids in this generation cheat, do they cheat because they re just that lazy to do work or just don t understand what s going on in class and are too scared

Pros And Cons Under The 8th Amendment Essay - 1935 Words

Ismael Bernal Ms. Moreh Contemporary Composition, Period 4 6, May 2016 Pros and Cons under the 8th Amendment 1. Introduction The U.S. Constitutional Rights are laws that guarantee the basic rights for the citizens.There are twenty-seven Constitutional Amendments in total, but 10 of them represent The Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights ensures the basic individual protections such as freedom of speech and religion. The Bill of Rights became part of the Constitution in December 15, 1791 by George Mason. In my opinion, the 8th amendment is important because this amendment gives people the right against excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. No citizen of the United States should be subjected to cruel or insane punishment, and they shouldn t have to pay a bail amount that is too excessive for the crime. This Amendment was added to the Bill of Rights to ensure greater stability and was a compromise between the legislature election in the original non-party elections and the new president. The Amendment’s Bail Clause is a result of injustices perpetrated in England, were judges often abused their power in determining whether bail should be allowed to suspects. After a number of unsuccessful attempts at reforming the law, the English Bill of Rights in 1689 specifically outlawed excessive bail. The U.S. supreme court s held in 1987 that the eighth Amendment s Bail Clause had only one meaning that bail conditions, when compared with the magnitude ofShow MoreRelated The Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath as punishment for a heinous crime. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals. Although there have been many court cases discussing capital punishment, there is still much confusion regarding whether it violates the 8th amendment or not. Capital punishment is a very significant, and very controversial topic that has been around for a longRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1708 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty travelled around the world, it became very popular in America leading to many Supreme Court cases and protests. Endlessly, people have argued their viewpoints about whether the death penalty is constitutional in relation to the 8th amendment which states no â€Å"cruel or unusual† punishment. Politicians from every state incl uding Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi, have commented their personal views on the death penalty making it a very public dispute. Capital punishment is a very popular subjectRead MoreThe Argument For A Jury s Decision887 Words   |  4 Pagesaction would be a violation of the 7th Amendment. Finally, the 7th Amendment specifies that the jury has to be unanimous in civil cases (again, civil means when someone is seeking compensation for a monetary loss). The 6th Amendment, on the other hand, notes that in criminal cases, unanimous decisions are not necessary except in cases where the person receives the death penalty. Likewise, the Court has ruled that civil trials involving patents do not fall under common law, and so they cannot be triedRead MoreEssay on Why the Federal Government Must Abolish the Death Penalty1277 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment has an obligation to make just laws. Currently, US laws allow for the death penalty for certain heinous crimes. The supporters argue that the 5th Amendment, which guarantees that no one shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† implies that depriving someone of his or her life is permissible under the constitution as long as there is due process. However, there are several reasons why the federal government must abolish the death penalty - it weakensRead MoreDiscussing the Death Penalty1472 Words   |  6 Pagesit as a choice. Why is this debate important? Well as U.S. citizens we need to make a decision of what is the best way to deal with criminals. Is it better to execute these criminals or incarcerate them ? This paper will discuss the considered pros and cons of the death penalty and what my view is, on this topic. Proponents of the death penalty have the belief that a criminal should be killed for what he or she has done. They believe that it is moral because it creates a feeling of justice. CarolRead MoreEssay about Three Strikes Law1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthe seriousness of the prior felonies. Under our system of criminal justice, the punishment must fit the crime. Individuals should not be executed for burglarizing a house nor incarcerated for life for committing relatively minor offenses, even when they commit several of them. This principle, known as proportionality, is expressed in the Eighth Amendment to the Bill of Rights. Is this a violation of the 8th Amendment to the Constitution? The 8th Amendment of the Constitution prohibits the useRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1732 Words   |  7 PagesEra that began in 1919, there wasn’t a minimum alcohol purchasing or possession age. During prohibition which was established by the 18th amendment, no one was al lowed to consume, sell or make alcohol, but people were allowed to make their own personal alcohol up to a certain annual limit. â€Å"In early 1933, Congress adopted a resolution proposing a 21st Amendment to the Constitution that would repeal the 18th. It was ratified by the end of that year, bringing the Prohibition era to a close† (Prohibition-HistoryRead MoreEssay on Ethical and Historical Analysis of Capital Punishment1545 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment] for 25 different crimes,† so it is no surprise that it is still used today (â€Å"Early Death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). In the U.S, Capital Punishment has been legalized in 32 states since 1996. Capital Punishment is not as inhumane as it sounds; it is limited under the 8th amendment in the U.S. Contrary to most beliefs, Capital Punishment is not used on every case of rapists, molesters, or murders, only in cases when necessary. In most states, capital punishment is only used for certain crimes. For example, â€Å"Mic higanRead MoreCriminal Justice Outline1660 Words   |  7 PagesCapstone Project One Nov. 22, 2011 Trial a. Interrogation and Arraignment- Guidelines and Process of Law b. Trial- Judge and Supreme court roles c. Sentencing – 3 types Sentencing a. Determinate- pros and cons b. Indeterminate- pros and cons c. Mandatory- pros and cons d. Specific or general deterrence Determinate sentencing a. Time- Each punishment is set person to person regardless b. Punishment- does not discriminate c. Community- deter people from committing itRead MorePrison Overcrowding Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesprobation. An article published in Federal Probation in 2013 states, â€Å"recidivism rates average between 43 and 67 percent and supervision violators constitute on third of the persons admitted to state correctional facilities,† and â€Å"on, average, persons under supervision have five prior arrest; 16 percent violated a federal, state, or local community supervision, and 8 percent have a history of absconding.† Sentencing offenders to alternative programs would help cut cost and also help decrease prison overcrowding

Baroque vs. Modern Pop Free Essays

MUSI200 27 January 2013 Baroque Vs. Modern Pop The Western music known today has its roots in the musical practices found in Europe and the Middle East over twenty centuries ago. These musical practices, in turn, have their roots in ancient Greek and Roman practices which are detailed in musical and philosophical treatises of the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque vs. Modern Pop or any similar topic only for you Order Now Greek civilization, with its political structures, its architectural and musical attainments, and its great achievements in philosophy and poetry, has influenced European culture and in turn American culture (Hansen, 2012). I have taken two excerpts of music, Marin Marais (1656-1728) – Pieces a Une Viole du Premier Livre (1686) and a Pop group name R. E. M and there last concert at the BBC. I have chosen R. E. M because their music is based off of the Baroque era with a modern day flare. After listen to both pieces, I was touched by the Baroque era music. I enjoyed both concerts, but I think I enjoyed the Pop concert more than the Baroque concert. The Pop concert of course had more rhythm and the difference in instruments made a difference to me. The drums where the biggest difference, had my foot tapping and my head bobbing, and the Baroque concert had me in a state of relaxation and peace of mind. The music differs from one another through the type of instruments used. The Baroque music used piano and chello unlike the modern day music using acoustic instruments and percussions. They even used electric guitars. I think the biggest difference was the singing; I stated previously that the drums were the biggest difference but the singing was definitely the biggest difference. The Baroque had no singing in the entire concert. The music was similar in the instruments told a story even though the Baroque music did not have words it still told a story, you could almost imagine or maybe even visualize the story being told and at your own words to the music. The Pop music of course had words but even then if you remove the words from the music it had the same effect as the Baroque music. The roles of concerts in the Baroque era I think played a role in society that we lack today. Back then in those times people went to concerts to escape the everyday life and learn something new, it was like a story being told or news being passed. Musicians were highly revered not role models like the musicians of today. Pop concerts today we attend as a form of entertainment, we go to see our favorite band or singer. We don’t attend for the appreciation of music like they did in the Baroque days. Today we have a different kind of appreciation of music, it’s whoever is hot at the time, whatever song is the big hit at the moment. There are certain types of people that attend these types of concerts. The Baroque attendees, I would say a more intellectual type a person that loves the art of music, a person that really appreciate music. The Pop attendees, I would say are more care free and just want to have fun and not have to worry about anything but, having fun, a person that just wants to feel good and carefree for a moment. Our experiences with music are influenced by many factors. The biggest factor is the internet. We have access to things that we didn’t have back in the days before the internet. We can easily move music around and get the sound out to the masses. In the Baroque era it may have taken a year for one composer to get his music heard by the masses. In conclusion, the Baroque era and the Pop era are so different but yet so similar, I guess it would come down to ones own opinion of each type of music. I would think that any music lover would appreciate both eras of music. Works Cited Bethanie Hansen, Cathy Silverman, and David Whitehouse, Music Appreciation, 2012. Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=poCRFiaoCLA) Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=uaYVa1r0nlA) How to cite Baroque vs. Modern Pop, Essay examples

Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essay Example For Students

Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essay ms Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essayms Introduction This paper is primarily about the Information Technology Department and how the Information Systems, the Computer Science Departments, and Computer Engineering courses relate to Information Technology. Each of these specialties has their similarities and differences to the Information Technology department. Georgia Southern University has a strong College of Information Technology, which offers three disciplines, which are the Computer Science Department, the Information Systems Department, and the Information Technology Department. Information Technology, according to the Information Technology handout in class, can best be defined by The typically electronic tools and techniques for gathering, storing, manipulating, and analyzing, and communicating information (Information Technology handout from Web CT pg 2). Information Technology technicians sometimes overlap with Computer Engineering, Information Systems, and Computer Science departments. Students wishing to major in Information Technology must take a second discipline. This builds knowledge in other areas as they pertain to Information Technology. There is an internship that students must take, but receive no credit. There are fewer maths, and less programming, and there are no business classes in this area of specialization unless the second discipline is a business course. The Information Technology curriculum overlaps Computer Science, and Information Systems curriculum. Information Technology majors graduate with a Bachelors of Science degree. Computer Engineering is the designing and building of the hardware for the actual computer. Georgia Southern University has no specific degree for a Computer Engineer. They have several engineering programs in the School of Technology that students can get an engineering degree and go on to become a Computer Engineer. Computer Engineers take more math than Information Technology majors. The Information Technology majors must take a second discipline, while Computer Engineers majors do not have to take a second discipline. Computer Engineering majors graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Information Systems primarily deals with business, and uses technology to enhance business and creates solutions for business. Increasingly there is a stronger bond between technology and business. The Information Systems technician understands that bond, and is able to translate for technology and business. Information Systems majors do not take any Information Technology classes. Information Systems has many more business classes than the Information Technology curriculum, which basically has no business classes. Information Systems graduate with a Bachelors of Business Administration, instead of a Bachelors of Science degree. Computer Science is primarily about programming. The Computer Science department takes many more programming classes, and puts strong emphasis on Java, which is a high level machine language. The programmer is the one that writes the programs, which the Computer Engineer, the Information Systems technician, and the Information Technology technician use to communicate with the computers. Computer Science majors must take more math and science classes; they do not take any Information Technology classes. They also graduate with a Bachelors of Science degree. Another interesting fact that is common to Information Technology, Information Systems, and Computer Science is the graduates share the same job titles, and use the same structure to set up new projects, and proposals. The graduates all have to know how to use computers and have good people skills. They should be resourceful, responsible individuals who will complete the job on time and on budget. .

The non-diegetic sound Essay Example

The non-diegetic sound Paper Focus on how narrative and Genre features create meaning and generate response in a sequence from The Day The Earth Stood Still of no more than 15 minutes. This essay will discuss the history of science-fiction film, to establish common genre-conventions and finally apply genre and narrative conventions to The Day The Earth Stood Still. Genre and narrative come from expectations made by the audience and they offer comfort and reassurance because they help the audience to know what to expect and how to understand the film. Genre conventions take into account many aspects of a film including sound, actors, style, and form but mainly it deals with the films iconography i. e. the props, costumes, and settings. Narrative deals more with how and why the characters move the plot on, for example Propp said there are eight character types in every film, I will show this in more detail later. Fritz Langs Metropolis, made in 1926, can be seen to be one of the earliest science-fiction films that gained respect from audiences worldwide. It featured a mad scientist who created an evil robot in the form of a beautiful saintly girl. We will write a custom essay sample on The non-diegetic sound specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The non-diegetic sound specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The non-diegetic sound specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The science-fiction films of the 1950s, when The Day The Earth Stood Still was made, were generally low budget and therefore in black and white. Most of the scenes were shot at night because it is a cheap way of creating a spine-chilling effect. They generally had alien aircraft in them. The Invasion Of The Body Snatchers was directed by Don Siegel in 1956 and is a good example for all these common themes-as it was shot at night, under a low budget and in black and white. The Day The Earth Stood Still was made in 1951. The plot tells the story of an alien landing in Washington. The alien causes panic and the police try to capture him. However, the alien actually comes with a very important plea of peace-as he finally tells the nation, If you threaten to extend your violence, this earth of yours will be reduced to a burnt out cinder. Your choice is simple, join us and live in peace, or pursue your present course and face obliteration. The film was directed by Robert Wise and was his only science-fiction film. He mainly did musicals and is best known for directing The Sound of Music in 1965. The two stars of the film, Michael Rennie and Patricia Neal, were not very well known when this film was made. However, Michael Rennie had had minor parts in many movies including The Wicked Lady in 1945. This film was made in the heart of the cold war, a time when, in America particularly, anti-communist views were held strongly in the West. The McCarthy witch-hunts of communists in public life and the arts led to the blacklisting of many writers, actors and directors. There was such a fear of communism at this time that this films anti-war message could have been seen by some as being unpatriotic. It was thus a very brave film to make but, thankfully, Robert Wise wasnt black listed and went on to direct many more classic films. The film carries its message on today, when after September 11 it is hard for Americans to argue against a possible war against Iraq. The best art has always carried messages that can be read by all people at all times. The extract I have chosen to study out of The Day The Earth Stood Still is near the end of the film. It starts with Klaatu and Helen on the way to the spaceship where Klaatu is going to make his speech. Klaatu tells Helen that Gort has the power to destroy the earth if he isnt there to stop him, but Klaatu is then shot by the Army and presumed dead. However, thanks to Helen, Gort saves his life in time for Klaatu to make the speech. Like many 1950s science fiction movies this extract is set at night, to try to create a tense atmosphere. The non-diegetic sound is very mechanical, reinforcing the idea that this film is part of the science fiction genre. It also has a trembling effect and some very sharp staccato notes to create the tension felt in this extract. The music is only played when Gort is in shot emphasising his mechanical nature. The spaceship is made out of smooth shapes, and man-made materials, for example plastic and metal. This emphasises how much more advanced the aliens are than the humans as they are using materials we know very well to create something that we couldnt achieve at that time. The effects of the electric doors and the platform dissolving into itself add a futuristic effect to the spaceship. The figure of Gort is the main icon that shows this extract to be a science fiction film. His costume is silver, a colour that is connected to metal and therefore robots, and in place of his eyes is one bright light. Gort can be seen as similar to robots that appear in later films. For instance in West World, made twenty years later, the robots have the power to kill us quicker than we can kill them, and in Terminator the robots are gaining complete control over the world. This parallels the way in which in DESS the other planets have given complete control to Gort and his kind. Fear is an important aspect of any science-fiction film; and in this film Gort provides the main element of fear. Even Klaatu says he fears his power, Im afraid of what he might do if anything should happen to me Theres no limit to what he could do, he could destroy the earth.

Why Answer the Ap Lang Argument Essay Question Why Sample Questions?

Why Answer the Ap Lang Argument Essay Question Why Sample Questions?In this article, I will demonstrate why answering the Ap Lang Argument Essay Question Why Sample Questions is a skill that any great teacher or professor would want to have. The first reason is that any great teacher will encourage their students to consider what questions a question was designed to test and how the student will respond to that question. A great teacher understands that an important part of learning is developing and refining skills.This is why great teachers have a lot of very good answers to a lot of the questions that are designed to test students' understanding. So the second reason is that great teachers understand, 'Anything worth doing is worth doing well.' One of the most important skills that a great teacher has is that they understand the value of the learning experience. A student who understands that he is able to learn new things is more likely to learn more in the process.A student who is more likely to learn will continue to learn and develop skills. I think this is one of the reasons why I have never met a student who isn't really serious about getting good grades. This is because they know that a great teacher will help them develop skills that will eventually help them learn more.If you are a student who is struggling to do well on an AP Exam, you should take a look at your questions. If you understand that a question was designed to test your understanding of a concept, or that a question was designed to help you develop an understanding of some facts or details, or if you understand that a question was designed to teach you something, you will probably do better than if you don't understand all of these things. You will probably do well because your teacher's job is to help you develop a skill that will help you learn more. This is the best reason why students often look at their questions and misunderstand them.That is why the best teachers use every opport unity to teach their students these lessons. This is one of the reasons why students enjoy taking the AP Exam. They get to learn as many lessons as they can in a short period of time. They also learn the most when they take the exam for the first time. This is one of the reasons why students like taking the AP Exam.If you take a look at the four statements in the Answers to Ap Lang Argument Essay Question Why Sample Questions you will see that the last statement is an example of an answer that a student would be expected to respond to. The student is expecting to have to give the correct answer to this question. The reason is that if the student's response is incorrect, the student is not likely to be given credit for the question. If the student is wrong, they will still be able to get credit for the lesson, even though they didn't answer the question correctly. So by understanding this last statement, the student is required to find the answer.A great teacher uses this example to illustrate a reason why the question is a good question to ask your students and a reason why the most effective answer to the question is probably not going to be the answer that they think they should have. This is why it is important to ask the question Why Sample Questions to students. The answer to that question is important. And the answer to the question will help them develop skills that will help them learn more.

10 Personal Things Not to Say in an Interview

10 Personal Things Not to Say in an Interview We know we’re supposed to make a personal connection with our interviewer, wherever possible, but it is so easy to go overboard and, well, overshare. It’s also easy to get nervous and babble- next thing you know you’ve gone and told a totally unnecessary story that won’t make you seem friendly and approachable, but a little bit too much. Avoid making an inadvertent wrong impression by making sure to withhold details about the following 10 personal matters.1. Money ProblemsNo matter how broke you are, this is not fodder for the interview. Even if you pulled yourself out of a big black hole, financially speaking, this is a story to tell over drinks once you’ve worked somewhere for years, not during the interview.2. Relationship ProblemsYour interviewer may be really nice and empathetic, but your divorce, your spouse’s needs and wants, your childcare disasters, your troubled ex†¦ none of this will help you get the job. These details can act ually hurt. You never want to present yourself as that colleague who can never shut up about their personal life. Keep your interview, at least, drama free.3. Legal ProblemsWhatever you do, don’t bring up any brushes with the law or lawsuits. No matter whether you are at fault, it won’t help your interviewer to look kindly upon you. Leave your legal woes for your lawyer’s office.4. Health ProblemsYour illnesses and injuries are not good topics for an interview. You don’t have to bring them up- even if you took time off to deal with them. If you can get away with not disclosing that information, do. Let your interviewer make more positive assumptions about why you took that year off from an old job. Then you won’t seem like a liability to hire.5. Family PlansIt’s always best to leave out that you’re trying to have a baby and you anticipate taking maternity leave soon- or cutting back on hours just after you’ve been hired. It is illegal to discriminate on the basis of pregnancy- even the intent to become pregnant. But don’t give any hiring managers who don’t know the law the chance to talk themselves out of offering you the job.6. Burned BridgesSo you had a less than savory departure from your last job. Keep it to yourself. Stay classy, keep the high road, and move on. Say you were just ready for something new. This will signal to the interviewer that you aren’t a risk of bad-mouthing their company, should you end up leaving this job in unsavory circumstances too.7. ReligionUnless you’re applying for a job in a religious institution, you can keep your faith to yourself. (You don’t have to answer this question, by the way, even if asked directly.)8. PoliticsWhen in doubt, just steer clear. Unless, of course, you’re applying to work at a political firm or company. Otherwise, keep mum. Political conversations among coworkers can be contentious enough.9. Extracurricular sIt’s always great to mention particularly interesting hobbies or volunteer work. But make sure you don’t play them up too much, and risk your interviewer getting the impression that you won’t have time to do your real job for all the time and effort you put into your outside, unpaid one.10. ComplaintsParticularly when it comes to former jobs or bosses. Keep a positive spin on everything you say. Friends are the people you rant too when you need to get some frustration off your chest. Your interviewer wants to see the very best of you.Keeping calm and very well prepared can prevent you from babbling and running into any of the above traps. When in doubt, practice until perfect. And take a good deep breath before going in. Stay calm and keep it professional and you’ll do fine.

30 Best Marketing Books to Get Remarkable Results in 2019

30 Best Marketing Books to Get Remarkable Results in 2019 Leaders are readers. Top CEOs read a book per week. A study of 1,200 incredibly successful  people showed they had one thing in common: They self-educate by reading. When asked how he learned to build rockets, Elon Musk said, â€Å"I read books.† Bill Gates says  he learns by visiting interesting places, meeting with scientists, and watching lectures online†¦   Ã¢â‚¬Å"But reading is still the main way that i both learn new things and test my understanding.† You’ve heard the crazy stat about Warren Buffet, too right? The billionaire investor reads 500 pages  every day. Check this out, 42% of college grads  will never read a book again after college. So, you want a competitive advantage? Buffet recently explained the value of reading  this way: â€Å"That’s how knowledge works. It builds up, like compound interest. All of you can do it, but I guarantee not many of you will do it.† World-class leaders read broadly  (and often). Marketers are no different. We’re a breed who lives in a fast-paced, rapidly-evolving, wickedly high-stress world. If you stop growing (or even slow down) the few who apply their minds to master new skills and assimilate knowledge will outpace you. It’s just how things work. Since you’re reading this, I know that isn’t you. So, if you’re the kinda’ marketer who is: Competitive and wants to achieve real marketing success†¦ Hungry  for personal and  professional development†¦ Ready to outpace your competition  (and even yourself) Then I have two amazing things for you. First, I have this curated list of the 10 best marketing books for you to read this year. Second, I’m going to give you a shortcut in the line to your next promotion. You can grab the first chapter of 10x Marketing Formula: Your Blueprint For Creating ‘Competition-Free Content That Stands Out And Gets Results  for free! in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East Essay

The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East - Essay Example Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) increases considerably the risk for all manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease(Payorala, 1987) The underlying mechanisms for accelerated atherogenesis in NIDDM are poorly understood. Although NIDDM is associated with a clustering of risk factors favoring atherogenesis (high total triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a high prevalence of hypertension and obesity), population-based, prospective studies have repeatedly shown that only a small proportion of the excess risk for coronary heart disease in NIDDM can be explained by the effects of NIDDM on the levels of cardiovascular risk factors(Payorala, 1987) Therefore, the excessive occurrence of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular complications in NIDDM must be mainly caused by diabetes itself or factors related to it. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevale nt form of diabetes and is due to the combination of insulin resistance and defective secretion of insulin by pancreatic b-cells. (Grundy, Benjamin, Burke, Chait, Eckel , Howard, Mitch, Smith , & Sowers.,1999)Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Metabolic control and duration of type 2 diabetes are important predictors of coronary heart disease (ischaemic heart disease. (Kuusisto J, Mykkanen L, Pyorala K, & Laakso M.,1994) Introduction/Background to the issue: During the past 20 years, major socio-demographic changes have occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Alwan A, King H , 1992) The total population of the Region has almost doubled. The birth rate has remained high but infant and childhood mortality rates and the crude death rate have decreased. Life expectancy has improved dramatically, urbanization has occurred and per capita income has increased. The

Application of M-commerce in Human Resource Management Essay

Application of M-commerce in Human Resource Management - Essay Example Mobile commerce is one such evolving areas of technology that is gaining lot of attention these days. It is a concept that is fast growing and is adopted in all types of business environment in order to get efficient as well as thorough results. Mobile commerce which is most commonly known as M-Commerce is the capability to carry on with any particular business transaction or commerce by making use of the mobile devices which includes that of mobile phones, smart phone, Personal Digital Assistant of PDA as it is commonly known as, and other such evolving technological equipments like that of the latest dash top mobile phone device. If one wants to get deeper into mobile commerce then it would be any sort of transactions which includes that of rights of ownership on a specific goods or services and the entire process of initiation or completion of the commercial activity should be carried out by making use of the mobile phone (Mennecke B 2003). Everything right from purchase to that o f selling of the products and services are now carried out using a mobile device. Some of the most common areas of services includes mobile banking, mobile brokerage, participating in auctions, mobile purchase facility and that of mobile marketing and advertising activity. The impact that mobile commerce is having over human resource management is very wide. In order to make a business model successful, adequate care and attention needs to be paid to that of the human resource management which is the crux of any organizations’ growth. Proper human resource management serves to be the winning formula. In this ever growing world, things get more advanced and complicated. Human resource area needs extra effort and there should be proper line of communication and well thought out approach. The best would be to act quickly on any human resource related issues which act as the pillar of confidence for the business (Stair R 2012). Using mobile commerce technology for managing human resource is the only best way to gain what one wants to. Everything right from regular checkups, accounting, resource allocation, tracking the performance of the individual can be carried out using a mobile commerce service. There are several types of platforms and functions that are released which makes the application of mobile commerce in human resource management a valuable asset for better managements and success of the business. An organization is a combination of many things and the responsibility levels are higher. There are many essential aspects to look for in an organization and it should be properly managed in order to derive high performance (Xu J 2009). In the recent times, there are many sort of mobile commerce devices that are evolving big time. The mobile device is connected to the computer network directly and all of the information regarding the resources can be accessed directly. The mobile commerce facility in mobile phone not only provide with the ability to ac cess the available materials in common network but also offers with the capacity to make any changes or take actions directly. Human resource field is a wide area and if not properly managed or arranged it will bring in more problem to the company and business. The latest mobile device that is launched recently comes with a better facility to track each and every activity of the resources (Branki C 2008). A human resource mobile application can

Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus Subtilis

Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus Subtilis Motivation: Many important problems in cell biology require the dense nonlinear interactions between functional modules to be considered. The importance of computer simulation in understanding cellular processes is now widely accepted, and a variety of simulations algorithms useful for studying certain subsystems have been designed. 1 introduction Human and animal needs vitamins and minerals to help in the growth of the body and prevent disease, obtained from food or supplements. For example, an important vitamin is riboflavin and Riboflavin is water-soluble vitamins also sources of riboflavin are milk, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables. Diets that do not contain riboflavin or poor riboflavin cause serious health problems. For example, a disorder of the digestive system, heart disease and blood vessels. Riboflavin deficiency may also cause cancer. The name riboflavin comes from ribose (the sugar whose reduced form, ribitol, forms part of its structure) and flavin, the ring-moiety which imparts the yellow color to the oxidized molecule (from Latin flavus, yellow). The reduced form, which occurs in metabolism along with the oxidized form, is colorless. Riboflavin has been used in several clinical and therapeutic situations. For over 30 years, riboflavin supplements have been used as part of the phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice. The light used to irradiate the infants breaks down not only bilirubin, the toxin causing the jaundice, but also the naturally occurring riboflavin within the infants blood, so extra supplementation is necessary. Riboflavin is a yellow substance which was isolated in 1879. Riboflavin name comes from ribose sugar substance and also characterized by yeast an excellent dietary source. In addition, it contains two factors which are aide Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (Daniel, 2012). 2 Background It has been pointed out by (Bretzel, et al.1999) and recently been produced commercially by riboflavin chemical manufacturing or by fermentation, where the production of riboflavin with a purity of at least 97-98% of foodstuffs and medicines. In addition, scientists biological prefer to biological and chemical manufacturing and much more than manufacturing because of the many advantages. For example, low material cost, low waste and energy requirements due to the use of renewable energy. It has been producing a large amount of riboflavin from many organisms’ example of the use of fungi, yeast and bacteria Bacillus Subtilis (Li Wu, Q, 2007). Research indicated that since 30 years the world’s consumption of riboflavin equivalent of 1.25 Ãâ€" 106 kg per year. However, the amount of riboflavin are currently more than 3.000 tons per year (Han Lim, et al.2001). Bacillus Subtilis is a gram positive, aerobic bacteria that converts glucose directly to riboflavin. Cell metabolisms are highly dependent on environmental conditions, so the metabolic state often shifts during the cultivation period. Characterizing the transience of metabolic fluxes is important for understanding how cells responded to environmental changes. (Boyle NR, Morgan JA, 2009) Fig. 1.Riboflavin synthesis reactions As the provide chart (Riboflavin synthesis reactions) shows, riboflavin bio-product of the yeast start from Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and there are two molecules of ribulose-5-phosphate, which leads to the production of riboflavin with enzymes encoded with RIB1, RIB2, RIB4, RIB5, RIB7 and FMN1 names which helps in the production of Flavin mononucleotide also Flavin adenine dinucleotide by enzyme FAD. Moreover, ribose involved in the production of riboflavin with 3 parts of 4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-P and 6 parts of 7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl) lumazine. 3 methods 3.1 In-silico (computational) model In silico models have prompted considerable interest and debate because of their potential value in predicting the properties of chemical substances for regulatory purposes. The European REACH legislation promotes innovation and encourages the use of alternative methods, but in practice the use of in silico models is still very limited. (Benfenati E. and others, 2011) 3.2 Conceptual modelling – ER diagram Conceptual modeling is a way of carrying out an analysis of a system in order to identify the types of things in the system, the actual instances of those things and the relationships between those things. Entity relationship (ER) modeling is a conceptual modeling approach commonly used in Computer Science to model a domain for the development of a database. However, ER modeling provides a useful approach to starting to think about models of biological systems. 3.3 Biological network analysis and construction using Cytoscape Cytoscape platform providing a full feature set for biological network analysis. It is an open source software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. Although Cytoscape was originally designed for biological research, now it is a general platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Cytoscape core distribution provides a basic set of features for data integration, analysis, and visualization. 3.4 Exploring integrated networks using String and Ondex The Ondex is a data integration platform which enables data from diverse biological data sets to be linked, integrated and visualised through graph analysis techniques. Ondex uses a rich and flexible core data structure, which has the ability to bring together information from structured databases and unstructured sources such as biological sequence data and free text. Ondex also allows users to visualize and analyze the integrated data. Ondex is free and open-source software. STRING is a database of known and predicted protein interactions. The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations. Together String and Ondex are very useful in case of exploring integrated networks and simulation. 3.5 Dynamic modeling using SBML SBML is neutral with respect to programming languages and software encoding; however, its oriented towards allowing models to be encoded using XML. By supporting SBML as a format for reading and writing models, different software tools (including programs for building and editing models, simulation programs, databases, and other systems) can directly communicate and store the same computable representation of those models. This removes an impediment to sharing results and permits other researchers to start with an unambiguous representation of the model, examine it carefully, propose precise corrections and extensions, and apply new techniques and approaches — in short, to do better science (Rhoads DG, Pring M, 1998) 3.6 RuleBender and BioNetGen and a rule-based language for modelling biochemical reactions Modern biological experiments generate large amounts of data describing intracellular dynamics. Rule-based languages for describing intracellular biochemistry allow for the construction and simulation of detailed models with unprecedented scope and precision. Rule-based Models can be used to suggest new hypotheses and new ideas for future experimentation. Rule-based models can be difficult to understand and time consuming to debug. RuleBender is a free tool for constructing, debugging, simulating and analyzing rule-based biological models in the BioNetGen language. 3.7 Flux Balance Analysis using OptFlux Flux balance analysis is a mathematical approach for analyzing the flow of metabolites through a metabolic network. (Jeffrey D. Orth at el, 2010). OptFlux is an open-source and modular software to support in silico metabolic engineering tasks aimed at being the reference computational application in the field. 3.8 Stochastic simulation algorithm using BioNetGen Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (GSSA) and its variants are cornerstone techniques to simulate reaction kinetics in situations where the concentration of the reactant is too low to allow deterministic techniques such as differential equations. To generate a network in advance of a simulation, which may subsequently be carried out either by numerically solving ODEs or by implementing a stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) (Gillespie, 2007) 4 Results 4.1 Ribose and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) The non-specific precursors of riboflavin biosynthesis which are commonly used are guanosine triphosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate. Ribose and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is biologically responsible for the production of riboflavin with the help of enzymes (RIB1, RIB2, RIB4, RIB5, RIB7) that catalyze reactions to produced riboflavin, with help of (FMN) to produced Flavin mononucleotide. After that, produced Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis. GTP is essential to signal transduction, in particular with G-proteins, in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) through the action of GTPases. Rib A helps stimulate the production of riboflavin and direct link between the other proteins. In addition, is responsible for the outputs of the biochemical processes. Fig. 2.Rib A Simulation Fig. 3. Metal Phosphate Simulation Metal Phosphate, which is linked to a protein. Motivating force proton transfer of phosphate is associated. Thus, the transfer of the phosphate group of phosphate, ATP to amino acids. In conclusion, it is easy to extract the pure biological industries inexpensive and riboflavin without toxic substances. Therefore, it is expected in the future production of large amounts of riboflavin and faster by yeasts and fungi away from harmful chemicals. 4.2 Dynamic modelling of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using SBML Riboflavin synthase catalyzes the transformation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine into riboflavin in the last step of the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. Gram-negative bacteria and certain yeasts are unable to incorporate riboflavin from the environment and are therefore absolutely dependent on endogenous synthesis of the vitamin. (Markus F. et at, 204) Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction model using different modern software packages for computer biochemical systems simulation. Fig. 4.Riboflavin Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis After re-simulating Riboflavin level has been changed. The added reactions corresponds to a sharper transition of riboflavin level from the beginning of the simulated riboflavin function. Fig. 5.Riboflavin Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis 4.3 RuleBender and BioNetGen Riboflavin simulation Rule-based modeling involves the representation of molecules as structured objects and molecular interactions as rules for transforming the attributes of these objects. Fig. 6.Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using RuleBender The approach allows systematic incorporation of site-specific details about protein-protein interactions into a model for the dynamics of cell regulatory networks, including processes involving cell signaling, gene regulation, and metabolism. The consequences of protein-protein interactions are difficult to specify and track with a conventional modeling approach because of the large number of protein phosphoforms and protein complexes that these interactions potentially generate. Here, we demonstrate how a rule-based model is specified in the BioNetGen language (BNGL) using the RuleBender interface and demonstrate how models can be visualized, simulated, and analyze. 4.4 Riboflavin Flux Balance Analysis Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Calculated Synthesis and Biomass Flux values. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus Subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction SBML model and OptFlux Software Platform for Metabolic Engineering. Fig. 7.Wild Type Simulation of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using OptFlux Fig. 8.Riboflavin Synthesis and Biomass Flux Values 4.5 Using the SSA with BioNetGen Which Type of Model to use ODE or SSA? At low molecule numbers: use stochastic model. At high molecule numbers: both types of simulation can be used, but SSA might require more â€Å"computing power† than the ODE simulation. When the number of molecules is high SSA behaves like ODE. A chemical reaction model can be converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the law of mass action. This law states that the rate of a reaction is its rate constant times the concentration of the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometry. A better method for reasoning about genetic circuits is to utilize Gillespie’s stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) (Gillespie, 1977). There are several variants of the SSA. This paper uses the direct method, which is shown in Algorithm 1. The SSA takes a chemical reaction network model, M, and computes a time series simulation ÃŽ ±. The SSA is essentially a Monte Carlo algorithm, which treats each reaction as a random event. For the SSA convert concentration to molecule number is using the formula: (1) Where is number of molecules, is concentration, is the Avogadro’s constant and is cell volume. Avogadro’s constant = 6.221023 Table 2. Riboflavin Enzymes convert concentration to molecule number |Enzyme| Value C Value n R5P 5e-07 5 RibA 2e-07 2 D2B4P 5e-07 5 RibH 5e-07 5 RibE 2e-07 2 Fig. 9. Simulating Riboflavin using the SSA with BioNetGen Fig. 10. Simulating Riboflavin using the SSA with BioNetGen CONCLUSION Provided a strategy for developing and implementing genome-scale metabolic models. Calculated synthesis and biomass flux values. Simultaneous growth and riboflavin overproduction using Bacillus Subtilis were investigated using Michaelis-Menten enzyme reaction SBML. An in-silico model of riboflavin biosynthesis in B. subtilis has been successfully developed. Designed the strategy for efficient producing of riboflavin in B. subtilis. The Riboflavin biosynthesis modeling has done using stochastic simulation algorithm. Presented methodology of Riboflavin biosynthesis modeling simulation using such software complexes as: RuleBender and BioNetGen, OptFlux, String and Ondex. Designed dynamic modelling of Riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis using SBML language. References Benfenati E., Oonella Diaza R., Cassano A., Pardoe S., Gini GM Mays C., KnaufR., Benighaus L. (2011) The acceptance of in silico models for REACH: Requirements, barriers, and perspectives, Chemistry Central Journal, Vol 5, pp 58. http://joumal.chemistry central com/content/5/1/58. Boyle NR, Morgan JA (2009) Flux balance analysis of primary metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC Syst Biol 3: 4 Bretzel, W Schurter, W Ludwig B, Kupfer, E Doswald, S Pfister, M van Loon, A (1999). Commercial riboflavin production by recombinant Bacillus Subtilis: down-stream processing and comparison of the composition of riboflavin produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Issue 1, pp 19-26. Chem. 58, 36-57 Feng X, Xu Y, Chen Y, Tang YJ (2012) Integrating flux balance analysis into kinetic models to decipher the dynamic metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. PLoS Comput Biol 8: e1002376 Gillespie, D. T. (1977). Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 81, 2340–2361. Gillespie, D. T. (2007) Stochastic simulation of chemical kinetics. Annu. Rev. Phys. Han Lim, S Soo, J Enoch, Y. (Ed.) (2001). Microbial Production of Riboflavin Using Riboflavin Overproducers, Ashbya gossypii, Bacillus Subtilis, and Candida famate: An Overview. Jeffrey D Orth, Ines Thiele, and Bernhard ØPalsson. What is flux balance analysis? Nature biotechnology, 28(3):245– 8, March 2010. Li Wu, Q Chen, T Gan, Y Chen, X Ming Zhao, X (2007). Optimization of riboflavin production by recombinant Bacillus Subtilis RH44 using statistical designs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Issue 4, pp 783-794. Markus F., Werner R., Sabine S., Boris I., Gerald Richter, Felix R., Wolfgang E., Adelbert B. (2004) â€Å"Evolution of vitamin B2 biosynthesis: structural and functional similarity between pyrimidine deaminases of eubacterial and plant origin.†, J. Biol. Chem., vol. 279, no. 35 Rhoads DG, Pring M. The simulation and analysis by digital computer of biochemical systems in terms of kinetic models. IV. Automatic derivation of enzymic rate laws. J Theor Biol. 1998 Sep;20(3):297–313. Sauer U., Hatzimanikatis V., Bailey J.E., Hochuli M., Szyperski T., Wà ¼thrich K. (1997) Metabolic fluxes in riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis. Nat. Biotechnol. 15, 448–452. Stolz, J (2012). Riboflavin. http://www.nutrition.tum.de/index.php?id=115L=1 (29oct. 2014). 1 [*]To whom correspondence should be addressed.